By the year 2100, heat stress from extreme heat and humidity will annually affect areas now home to 1.2 billion people, assuming greenhouse emissions remain the same, researchers report.

That’s more than four times the number of people affected today. It’s also more than 12 times the number who would have been affected without industrial era global warming.

Rising global temperatures are increasing exposure to heat stress, which harms human health, agriculture, the economy, and the environment. Most climate studies on projected heat stress have focused on heat extremes but not considered the role of humidity, another key driver.

“When we look at the risks of a warmer planet, we need to pay particular attention to combined extremes of heat and humidity, which are especially dangerous to human health,” says senior author Robert E. Kopp, director of the Rutgers Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences and a professor in the earth and planetary sciences department at Rutgers University-New Brunswick.

“Every bit of global warming makes hot, humid days more frequent and intense. In New York City, for example, the hottest, most humid day in a typical year already occurs about 11 times more frequently than it would have in the 19th century,” says lead author Dawei Li, a former Rutgers postdoctoral associate now at the University of Massachusetts.

The body’s inability to cool down properly through sweating causes heat stress. Body temperature can rise rapidly, and high temperatures may damage the brain and other vital organs.

As reported in Environmental Research Letters, researchers looked at how combined extremes of heat and humidity increase on a warming Earth, using 40 climate simulations to get statistics on rare events.

Read the full article about the impact of heat stress by Todd Bates at Futurity.